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21 More Questions with Alpha Beta Gamma

Shortly after the three of us finished our first collaborative essay, 20 Questions, we had discussions about the process and the results. We agreed, everything about it was interesting, from the complexity of the questions to the varying lengths of the answers provided. We concluded that the exercise provoked a sense of intellectual stimulation in a communal medium. It was a conceptual landscape we had yearned for and rarely got the opportunity to engage with. There is something genuinely exciting about getting to compare your ponderings with friends, especially when those friendships are deep and meaningful. Through some effort and luck, we’ve contrived an ecosystem built on a triad of respect, admiration, and enjoyment. This exercise is an expression of that ecosystem through the lens of curiosity, thought, and discussion. Without further ado, here’s 21 More Questions from Alpha Beta Gamma.

Table of Contents

Question 1 What does the ideal state of Human-AI Interaction look like?
Question 2 What will be the major challenges for humanity over the next 200 years?
Question 3 What does the ideal future of transportation look like? Low earth/supersonic, hyperloop, high speed train, flying cars?
Question 4 If you ran for President, what would your slogan be? (For example, Obama’s was Hope and Change)
Question 5 What other universal disrupters, like cryptocurrency, should happen, that could happen?
Question 6 If you could get a PhD, free of charge and in any subject, you wanted, what would you get?
Question 7 Who was/is the most impactful figure in human history?
Question 8 If humans can figure out life extension, would you want to live forever? Should humans be immortal?
Question 9 What is the ideal number of friends for you? Dunbar’s number suggest the cognitive limit is 150.
Question 10 Should the primary goal in life be to seek happiness?
Question 11 Is it okay to lie? What about white lies? Is there a grey zone for acceptable lying?
Question 12 Are the human body and brain optimal? If we are able to harness CRISPR to modify our genes, would you partake?
Question 13 What environment do you have in place, and what steps are you taking to increase your productivity and well-being?
Question 14 With Tesla being on the brink of launching FSD (full-self driving), should we be weary or relieved? Thousands of people die at the hands of other drivers, how do you feel about much less people dying but at the hand of a machine?
Question 15 Will “social media influencer” as the top career choice in America’s youth lead to a decline in innovation and technology in America?
Question 16 How would you define success?
Question 17 How would you create Heaven if you could?
Question 18 Why do people cheat?
Question 19 What is your belief for why certain civilizations advanced faster than others throughout human history?
Question 20 Will AI push humans towards more creative careers?
Question 21 What are your thoughts on a One World Currency?
  

1.     What does the ideal state of human-AI interaction look like?

Quinn: Ideal state is certainly different than forecasted state, and in order to best pick an ideal state we must first look at the available options for future states. The way I see it, there are two future states, AI Complementation and AI Supplementation. I do believe that both end in singularity, but that it well beyond a future state that is a hyper-future state (Singularity for the sake of this discussion is the state in which humans and AI fully merge, which either could be achieved by AI wiping out humans or humans becoming fully integrated). Many scientists, billionaires, and public figures have expressed deep concern pertaining to AI Supplementation. This is the state in which AI supplements humans in all forms. This is the route most commonly associated with Universal Basic Income and nihilism. When Gary Kasparov faced Deep Blue, the fears of AI Supplementation arose in a very real way. When Elon Musk and Google unveiled self-drivability, Andrew Yang sprang into action and ran a failed presidential bid based on UBI. But, there is another route, AI Complementation, one that has its basis in history and precedent. This is the true approach of the Pay Pal Mafia, ie: Thiel, Musk, and Hoffman. AI Complementation posits that AI technology will augment our life as have previous forms of technology ranging from the basic TI series calculators to ‘smart’ rings, watches, phones, and appliances. Neuralink is a great example of this. Its intention is to surpass bottlenecks in our interaction with the internet such as having to type with our fingers, or manage a device to gain access to the internet. The smart phone was a great leap forward, but Neuralink will be the next iteration in a series of future iterations. To me, this idea of complementation is the ideal state, in a binary set of two future states. And in my opinion, the way in which we guarantee we don’t obtain the alternative, is by venturing out into the cosmos. Exploration and progress are the safeguards against supplementation. Supplementation is the result of humans automating known processes. It can only occur in stagnated industries. We cannot automate (supplement with AI) what we don’t know.

Daniel: In question 5, I talk about the very beginning of human-AI interaction. The mode of communication with AI will begin through typing (slow) then speaking, which is a faster way of information transfer. We are already kind of here with Siri and Cortona.
The next fastest would be a direct connection with our neurons. Most of us probably recognize we can think faster than we communicate verbally. The verbal communicate is the largest bottleneck to information transfer. It reminds me of the movie Avatar where they connect their tales which serves as a high-speed connection to their brain (brain-machine interface). Crazy concept lol. Didn’t appreciate it when I was younger. Musk & team are working on the Neuralink to implant electrodes directly onto our neurons to facilitate high-speed interaction with computers. The bandwidth of a device like this would allow us to control our homes, phones, and laptops with just our thought. Imagine how quickly you can shoot an email out and schedule a follow up meeting by just thinking about it rather than doing it with your keyboard and mouse.
The next step up is interreacting with a Siri-like Artificial intelligent assistant using brain-machine interface. You could have unfathomably high-speed conversations with the assistant as you comb through hundreds of internet sites and messages. She could recommend and propose different alternatives while you yay or nay them. As the AI becomes more advanced, it can propose more and more accurate predictions of what you want and what you’ll need. Those of us who can master this symbiotic relationship, would reach heights that are even difficult to understand. Ultimately, the ideal state of human-AI interaction would be one that enables to better understand and tame whatever we are creating in the first place.

Mike: History has shown that human civilizations' success depends on the advancement of human intelligence. Hunter-gatherer to an agrarian culture, the industrial revolution, and the new-age technology boom are some examples. These advancements have been fueled by creativity. Humans rely on creativity because it works to establish an ideal civilization through the questioning of societal practices and the effectuation of change. This is what has caused the disparity between first-world and third-world societies. For civilizations to survive and succeed, they must evolve. And AI is deemed the next quintessential creation that will advance human civilization. Like the industrial revolution and the new-age technology boom, AI will benefit society and will inevitably harm certain classes of that society. For the most part, AI will increase productivity due to supercomputers, automated machines in factories, automated transportation, and more. This increase in productivity would likely lead to increased earnings and higher pay for people. However, advancement in society is usually not all-inclusive, so this increase in productivity will lead to many people losing their jobs. It appears that the advancement of human intelligence and human civilization is subject to Darwinism – Survival of the Fittest. The question then becomes one of eugenics, is AI a form of eugenics in the world? AI will force people to be creative because the simple jobs that automation can perform will be taken away from people and will force people to either be creative or fall to the wayside. There are two, maybe more, thoughts of what the ideal AI-human interaction should be. The first ideal is one where AI advances societies, including third-world countries, to create opportunity for almost everyone. This opportunity would include work-life balance, adequate pay, and a well-functioning society. The second ideal is one where AI grows the disparity between intelligent people and unintelligent people, which allows evolution to create a human species that only includes intelligent people – both the creative and analytical humans. It would push the unintelligent people out of the evolutionary process. Additionally, AI poses threats, but those threats are associated with AI being a supplement to humans and possibly gaining conscientiousness or being controlled by the wrong person/group. The threats topic is a discussion for another question. Additionally, I did not go into how AI could possibly produce essential pharmaceutical drugs for treatment and could possibly use an algorithm to detect future illness or disease, which can then be prevented prior to its development.

2.     What will be the major challenges for humanity over the next 200 years?

Quinn: In 2012 I had a teacher who taught a European History course who arranged my thinking on this subject into first principles. The result is this conclusion: The major challenges for humans have and always will come in three forms - Social, Political, and Economic. Starting from these first principles and escalating up to the centuries that will populate the 2000 millennium, we can extrapolate the various specific challenges that will arise in these three categories. Socially, we are seeing the beginnings of the problems that are not going anywhere. Misinformation, groupthink, the truth about history. These are tools being used by prominent ideologies to propagate tribalism and arrangement by fabricated group identity. With the open source nature of the internet, these problems are bound to remain. Politically, we’ve seen throughout history a big bang – big crunch phenomenon occur before, and it is occurring again. In the beginning of recorded history, humans expanded outwards across the globe. Around antiquity, consolidation occurred, into nation states, albeit some were more democratic than others. In the middle ages, consolidation peaked into monarchical structures which lasted many hundreds of years and resulted in the Dark Ages. The renaissance brought to the surface the problems with this consolidation which ultimately resulted in the French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the various expelling events that broke feudalism and colonialism. We saw this renewed expansion last until about WW2, when consolidation once again created political strife, culminating in the cold war in which two superpowers almost destroyed the world. Although mass consolidation has been staved off three times in recent history by Churchill, Reagan, and Trump, we have reentered a period in which consolidation is speeding up. Communism, single party systems, and totalitarianism will become major problems politically in the next 200 years, exacerbated by the social problems I spoke about a minute ago, as we arrive at a major “big crunch”. Finally is economics; energy, resources like clean water and food supply, automation, monopolies, and yes, even pandemics. To touch on a few of these, first is resources. Resources will always be a problem, so long as we have finite sources. Expansion into the universe removes this problem. Second is monopolies. A major part of what allows misinformation, group think, and single party systems to occur is because monopolies exist. The end result is stagnation. And this stagnation leads to the third and final economic problem which is pandemic. You see, pandemic cannot occur in decentralized, free market societies. And only the free societies can defeat them if they do occur. Touching on point one, we’ve seen pandemics in large form, twice throughout recorded history, once in the Middle Ages in the form of black plague and again recently with COVID. In both periods of time, we were admits what I referred to as big crunches – heavy consolidation of political nations and power centers. And on point two, what defeated both? Well the first time it was the decentralization and opening of thought that occurred in the renaissance. This second time it was America. Through Trump’s Operation Warp Speed, the United States developed the world’s major vaccines in 6 months to one of the deadliest pandemics in history. And finally, I said something earlier, that in truly free societies, pandemics cannot occur, which is why they are an economic problem. The reasoning here is not that nature will cease to produce viruses in free societies, but that free societies would never allow it to become out of hand and escalate into a pandemic. History confirms this to be true.

Daniel: In 21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Harrai, the author talks about how automation is the largest threat to humanity. More specifically, the working class and masses of people who depend on the economy of good & services. Advances in automation in the fields of robotics, driving, warehouses, banking, etc. will decimate jobs that require little to no education or specialization. Even decentralized finance and market places promised by emerging Blockchain technology leaves no industry safe from job elimination. Automation also has inadvertent effect of making those at the top even richer. Just as the assembly line made Henry Ford extremely successful and wealthy, so will the automation of most mundane jobs.
This is a challenge for humanity and its sensitive social structure. To avoid unrest amongst all these displaced workers, we must have new systems in place to receive them all. That could be entire new industries that we haven’t even thought of yet. Or, could be basic universal income to ensure that wealth disparity doesn’t get large enough to cause instability.

Mike: “Soon the science will not only be able to slow down the ageing of the cells, soon the science will fix the cells to the state and so we will become eternal. Only accidents, crimes, wars will still kill us but unfortunately, crimes, wars, will multiply.” This quote embraces the dichotomy of human existence: good vs. evil, life vs. death, happiness vs. sadness, etc.  Sigmund Freud furthered this concept in his discussion of Eros and Thanatos. Eros stands for the will to survive and the desire to create; whereas Thanatos stands for dissolution – the desire to kill humanity, civilization, and even the self. Humanity has always been strung between these two concepts, and no matter how advanced society has become, Eros and Thanatos have been ubiquitous. As humans push forward towards eternal life, the existential threat of death will push back with equal force. This can be in the form of natural disasters, political agendas to engage in war, crime, and more. Earth will become overpopulated, which will cause a disruption in the ecosystem of both nature and mankind. Nature will be imbalanced, and this will lead to more natural disasters because of changes in oceanic water temperatures, more CO2, and other factors that will inevitably create these natural disasters. Mankind will be imbalanced because there is only so much land available for the people inhabiting Earth. Tensions will rise as natural resources will be scarce, and this will cause people to become desperate. Desperation fuels immorality, which means people will commit more crimes against each other and even commit horrific acts of violence to survive. Mankind is also subject to exclusive membership of a tribe and group think. This will create more wars, because tribes will face differing opinions of other tribes on the same land, which will disrupt the freedom of those people. Freedom is not a means to live without boundaries, rather it is a means to live within boundaries that go undisturbed. These boundaries will not go undisturbed, so people leading their tribes (political leaders) will find ways to live a free life, which will mean an engagement in war. War is the means to wipe out any actor that wishes to disrupt that freedom. All of these disruptions are a natural means to create balance, as balance creates order through the management of chaos. So, humans will have to deal with both overpopulation and disruptions in the ecosystem, which will be detrimental to the lives of many. There is no humane/moral way to control populations except for the creation of new land or establishment of life on another planet. There is a way to reverse or slow the effects of climate change. Humanity will be put to the test, but as history has shown, we are resilient and can weather any storm.

3.     What does the ideal future of transportation look like? Low earth/supersonic, hyperloop, high speed train, flying cars?

Quinn: I actually think there is a question behind the question here which is, what does the ideal living state look like? Transportation is ultimately just a way for humans to get from living state 1 to living state 2, like home to work or home to vacation. Diving deeper than just transportation, I’ll offer a holistic view of living. It’s a shame that all the major jobs and corporations in America are located in 10 cities or less. If you’ve driven across America, you’ve seen the rolling hills of West Virginia, the ranches of Montana, the crystal blue lakes of Washington, and the red mesas of Arizona. You wonder as you drive by, why can’t I live here? The answer is not simply, “because there’s no jobs here,” the answer is actually, “you cannot live here because there is no major metropolitan area here which means there’s no jobs here, and since transportation isn’t effective enough to get you from a non-metropolitan area to a metropolitan area, you must live in the following cities in order to earn enough income to live happily.” At the fundamental level, this must change and transportation is the catalyst. If we have high speed transportation, we can live well outside the confines of a city. We can avoid urban sprawl, which is a result of malnourished transportation networks. In my view, cities would be mixed living centers where you could live, work, and play in a single domain. Where you can walk everywhere and where you can live comfortably if space is not something you desire. Then through the effective implementation of Hyperloop’s and high speed trains, people from all over can commute into cities to work and then leave, but if the city is designed for mixed living populations you won’t get the financial vacuum associated with singularly commuting populations. You could have scattered boroughs that span hundreds of miles, giving people space and comfort, all connected by high speed transportation networks to allow people to collect for work, if they and their companies choose to locate there. I also think low earth, supersonic flights have a role to play here. That takes it to an entirely new level. It creates competition for quality of life between nations and states, not just within counties and regions. An individual could live on 50 acres in Utah, take a high speed 20 minute train ride to Salt Lake City and catch a 25 minute supersonic flight to New York where he could be a successful businessman or doctor. An individual could live in Ireland because of the tax policy and access to healthcare but work in North Africa by taking a 30 minute supersonic flight every morning and evening. If we wanted true globalism and real wealth distribution, transportation is the key to getting there. 

Daniel: Based on everything I know, and as Musk says, “physics being the laws that govern limits,” I think its two primary forms of transit:
First, and probably the easiest to achieve, is we all switch to autonomous vehicles. Specifically, full self-driving cards that have compatible communication and navigation systems. The power behind this incredible. I think iRobot showcased this well when Will Smith is traveling in an autonomous car at a very high speed. Having a network of cars that communicate seamlessly would eliminate the need for: traffic lights, road signs, speed limits and much more. No cars would ever intersect and could make slight adjustments to make sure they never collide or cause traffic. You could travel to places in 1/3 of the time while doing whatever you liked during that time.
Secondly, would be the hyperloop system as explained by Musk and the companies developing it. A tube with the air pumped out to reduce drag and a pod traveling upwards of 600mph. This is more convenient than the logistics of supersonic airplane or bullet trains. The system of tubes would connect all major cities and towns. The high adoption of it should lower the cost of each ticket. You could live Virginia and commute to NYC in about an hour.
Lastly, for fun, teleportation would be fun. Instead of transferring your body and mind from one place to another, you would basically be killed on site and then recreated at your destination. There would be a slight break in consciousness and a slew of philosophical and moral consequences we would have to deal with. But if we collectively decided what procedure to follow in the event of a malfunction or error, then you’d know what you were signing up for.

Mike: There are two schools of thought I have for this question. The first is that transportation is not necessary for the most part except for in limited circumstances, so EVs or gas engine cars will suffice for the most part in those rare situations. With the implementation of augmented reality and virtual reality (VR), travel may not be necessary. People will be able to feel like they are physically at a certain location. The idea of traveling, for the most part, is more satisfying to people than the physical act of traveling. So, people will accept this new idea of traveling from the comfort of your own home. The need for physical travel will only be necessary for groceries and medical visits, otherwise you can stay in your home and meet with friends, travel the world, or work from home. Normal life outside of VR can be supplemented, for the most part, with life inside of VR. Life could become a digitalized without much disruption to normality. As a disclaimer, I hope this won’t be the case.  The second thought is by making travel faster and safer. Regarding faster, we live in a world of instant gratification, and having to travel somewhere can take hours or even days. So, by creating some type of high-speed transportation that can get us anywhere and be environmentally friendly would be the most ideal situation. And hopefully this would create a means of travel that is virtually accident free. This world is a magnificent place with many wonders for everyone to enjoy, and travel impedes the ability to indulge in these wonders. How many times do people only travel to the places that are convenient or cost efficient? These people never get to experience the world. By creating a high-speed, virtually safe means of transportation that won’t cost an excessive amount is the most ideal way to travel in the future. It will allow people to be taken away by just how amazing this world is. 

4.     If you ran for President, what would your slogan be? (For example Obama’s was Hope and Change)

Quinn: My campaign slogan would be “First Principles”. I think this accomplishes multiple things with regards to what I’d run a campaign on altogether. Reasoning from first principles is actually a scientific concept of breaking down complicated problems to generate original solutions. It was popularized by Aristotle, in book 8 of Physics he examines that the mere supposition of before and after require a first principle. So the slogan accomplishes three things. First, it tells the constituency that we will run a campaign focused around solving complex problems through reasoning and basic fact, not emotion or identity politics, but factually what works and what is objectively true. Second, it signifies that we will break America down by her first principles in order to accomplish this. We will assess America’s founding principles and we will work up from there to solve our current problems. America has first principles; life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Finally, combining numbers one and two, First Principles applies to the very structure of the nation and the psychology of a governing body. A nation is a collective society built around commonly agreed laws and values. A society is a group of individuals which work together under the pretenses of those laws and values. So at the lowest level of a nation is the individual. This is what Jordan Peterson talks about. If you want to have a better society, have better individuals. You cannot make other individuals better, but you can make yourself better. And if everyone makes themselves better, we will have a better society. So, this third aspect of what First Principles accomplishes is that it works in the pretext of the individual as the lowest, most baseline principle for a nation. As her most important element. In total, the slogan summarizes the main focus of the governing body; “The pretense for the best America possible is one in which, the governing body applies reasoning and fact to enact laws and govern, according to America’s first principles of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, in an effort to allow for individuals to be the best version of themselves.”

Daniel: My slogan would be, “let’s make the future exciting.” Which is inspired by Musk, Thiel, and Pinker. I’m often surprised by how negative and pessimistic peoples’ outlook on humanity can be. Ironically, they have a pretty positive outlook on their own life span (~80 years), but anything beyond that they assume will all go to shit.
Maybe it is deemed virtuous or clever to have a pessimistic outlook of where humanity will be in the future. Or maybe people don’t want to get their hopes up. Or maybe we are hard wired for negativity and the negativity bias clouds our judgement.
I hope with the slogan, I will inspire and instill 2 things:
1.     The desire for the future to be better. This a little different then hope. I sometimes secretly think people want the future to be bad. It will somehow prove them right or confirm their existing beliefs that humans are fundamentally corrupt and humanity is doomed. I want others to want the future to be good. To be excited and full of possibility of what we could accomplish. We should want the future for all of humanity and the species to be as good as we want our immediate future to be. I think by showing people some of the progress we’ve already made, I could persuade them that we can build a better future. We must.
2.     Let’s make the future exciting is also a call to action. In others words, the future will be exciting because I will make it exciting. It is my responsibility. Even if I can only affect 3 or 4 people in my life time. The disbursement of ownership and responsibility is a very dangerous thing. I see this on my team at work. I see this amongst my friends and peers. Things really get bad quickly when no one takes ownership. Imagine this on a world-wide scale. A better tomorrow is not promised and takes an incredible amount of work. Rather than shy away from this, I want to make bearing personal responsibility a virtue again.

Mike: My campaign slogan would be “Stand Strong.” The reason I would use this, even though it may not bode well with the public, is because leaders in this country are bending over backwards for every little demand of the people. America has turned into a divided landscape, because of leaders trying to appease the one percent of one percent of Americans. Countries need to be run on what is best for the majority of the people living in the country. My campaign slogan would portray strength. It will mean that my cabinet leaders will stand for what is right and not bend to appease every group. It also portrays strength to other countries. We Americans will not bend to the powers of other countries; we will stand and defend our people’s rights and our allies’ rights. We will not coward in the face of adversity. Without a structured government, people will revert to their natural selves, which leads to tribalism and anarchy. Of course, we will take into consideration people’s concerns for their communities and other topics, but ultimately, we will decide the best course of action. We will understand that people’s feelings will be hurt no matter the decision you make, but you must have discernment in decision making. We will not waiver to this cancel culture or the far-left socialist pressures. Many people in this country are afraid of voicing their opinions because if they differ from the outspoken far left, then they will be attacked and cancelled. So, I will be the voice for those people, hence “Stand Strong.”

5.     What other universal disrupters, like cryptocurrency, should happen, that could happen?

Quinn: What is cryptocurrency at its core? It is decentralized, deregulated, digital currency. Currency, as an element of Finance, has historically been highly centralized and highly regulated, by banks and governments. Using this mental model, what other major aspects of human life could be decentralized and deregulated to increase access and decrease interference? Information. One would argue that the internet did just that. And originally it did. But now the internet has gatekeepers, Google, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon. These gatekeepers control access to which information we do and don’t see (search engines). They even control who gets to be behind the door (database access). The next universal disrupter that should be created is universal access to universal information. Neuralink and Starlink are major steps forward for access, but ultimately something must be done about search engines and database storage. Perhaps a decentralized search engine that works in a similar manner to block chain as well as legislation for database access. Neuralink represents both a technological innovation, removing bottlenecks like physically typing and potentially mental storage, as well as a universal disrupter, decentralizing access to information. As far as other universal disrupters that should happen, four that I can think of are reliable, potentially portable power sources, access to genetic data and modulation technology, affordable mass scale desalinization and non-capacity binding trash disposal. My vision for a reliable, portable power source would be some form of fusion reactor. This comes with intensely dangerous consequences but maybe one day in the future we could use a fusion reactor at our disposal to power our house, our vehicle and any need to connect to technology. My vision for access to genetic data and modulation technology is a decentralized source of hundreds of millions of individual genetic lines that can be analyzed with a program like Palantir’s Foundry or Gotham to produce actionable items for supplementation or modulation. That modulation could come in the form of a digital CRISPR or smart technology to modulate your genes. On mass scale desalinization, this simply has to happen if we are to get access to water in expanding parts of the world that have little access. Even in America, the southwest is sucking fresh water from the Colorado River ignoring the oceans within a day’s drive, whilst trying to build a cross-continental oil pipeline. If we can transport oil from north Canada to Texas in a safe manner, we could do the same from the Gulf of Mexico to Sedona. Lastly, non-capacity binding trash disposal. The fact that we bury our trash in the ground in the year 2021 is a disgrace. We could have non carbon producing incinerators in every household. Or trash shoots that vacuum into space. Or a chemical compound which converts trash to fertilizer.

Daniel: Something I think about often is the development of superior artificially intelligent personal assistants. So like Cortana or Siri, but actually useful and advanced. Like the movie, Her, with Joaquin Phoenix; In the movie, a company rolls out the most advanced AI as a personal assistant which quickly becomes indistinguishable from a real human being.
With the competition between Apple and Samsung coming to a dead-end, mostly marginal improvements and iterative designs on existing tech, they will stop competing on hardware and move the fight to software. There is an upper limit on how large of screen we want and how high of resolution the human eye can appreciate. So, each company’s personal AI assistant will become their flagship product, as they compete for the market share in personal assistant. Each iterative version will offer more and more features: Travel booking, buying and shipping your products, researching which car to buy, and actually telling it what to text your friends and family. With 99% accuracy and ease as if you were talking to an actual human being.
This will change the way we work and how we spend our time. If we can outsource all the repetitive thinking to a personal assistant, we can have more information processed and presented to us in a digestible way. The AI will learn our preferences and desires, and can modify its decisions and choices based on that. This will disrupt how most jobs are performed and what is expected.

Mike: For there to be a universal disrupter, there must be a flaw in a system currently in place. Cryptocurrency is gaining traction as a universal disrupter because of the decentralized platform that is taking out the middleman (banks), which gets rid of transaction costs to the buyer and seller. This system is attractive to buyers and sellers because of the control that is given back to these people. Also, it is alleged to be a more secure way of buying and selling because of the transactions being placed into a blockchain. This question, however, is asking about the other types of universal disrupters that should or could happen. So, examining the world as it is, there seems to be something that should happen and something that could happen. The disrupter that should happen is some new invention in the medical field or pharmaceutical field. First, there is a certain flaw in medical practice and pharma practice because certain treatments or drugs don’t work 100% of the time.  The disrupter should be some type of preventative treatment that would be nearly 100% effective in its use.  One thing that comes to mind is a treatment for Alzheimer’s or cancer. Cancer and Alzheimer’s takes the lives of so many people, and they have been unsolvable for so many years. Treatments to cure these two diseases would change medicine forever. The disrupter that could happen is a one world leadership. Whether it be through a treaty or war, I could envision the world’s most powerful leaders creating, in a sense, a board of directors that oversees the actions of each country. This consolidation of leadership would be viewed as a way to create transparency with the people and a means to accomplish various objectives. Power is desire for many corrupt men, and the way to have ultimate power without war is to create an entity that oversees the actions of the world.

6.     If you could get a PhD, free of charge and in any subject you wanted, what would you get?

Quinn: I wrote this one and I don’t actually have a good answer for it. I wish I could live 5 lifetimes and each time I’d do something entirely new, Immunology, Neuroscience, History, Astrophysics, Philosophy. If I had to choose just one, I’d probably say a PhD in Theoretical Physics. Besides being a Formula 1 driver, my ideal life would consist of sitting in rooms across the globe having my colleagues blow my mind on various subject matters that they were investigating, from gravitational waves to dark matter to multiverse dimensional theory. Then I would go back to my lab and receive the latest data from the probe currently in the Ort Cloud gathering data on hydrogen concentrations. The fun thing about that field is that it is so vast. With something like neuroscience or immunology you may spend your entire life studying a single organ or single type of cell. Yes, you may make advancements but it’s hard to think big in such a domain. With Theoretical Physics, you could spend a lifetime looking at the Universe as a whole, hypothesizing about the structure of the entire thing. The two barriers are obviously my intellect, and the current technology we have to study the universe. Both these things make the hypothetical scenario, purely hypothetical.  

Daniel: Wikipedia describes a PhD as an “earned research degree.” Individuals must produce original research that expands the existing body of knowledge. They have to defend their research in front of a committee. That sounds like one of the toughest challenges I’ve ever heard of. I get nervous thinking about sample collection, p-values, and statistical analysis. I’ve only dabbled, but it has given me a deep appreciation of the scientific method and an idea of what the highest academic achievement requires.
So, to answer the question carefully, I would pursue a PhD in Neuroscience. The human mind and experience as a result of electro-chemical interactions is unfathomable. My undergrad in psych had a concentration in behavioral & cognitive neuroscience. Albeit, I am not academically talented. But neuroscience is quickly turning from an academic to a practical discipline. Pharma companies working on behavioral drugs for Alzheimer’s, depression, and other mental ailments are needing more neuroscientists. We even see drugs like psilocybin coming into the therapeutic arena.
At the extreme, we have companies like Neuralink and Neurapace pushing the boundaries on altering the mind with hardware. I think of Neuroscience as the final science because the advances in this field can alter our world like nothing else. Pushing the brain’s natural limits and the mind’s default OS, can take us where we never imagined. It is the final human frontier.

Mike: When I think of getting a PhD, I think of getting a PhD in a field that will help me leave my mark on this planet forever. I put a lot of thought into social psychology, engineering, economics, and neuroscience. All of these fields would me to make an eternal imprint on human history. Ultimately, I would choose neuroscience, because I would have a chance to invent something or learn something new about the human brain or nervous system that could change the world of medicine forever. In economics, you may create a new economic model that may last for many years until a new model is created. In engineering, you may create a new structure that revolutionizes engineering until a new structure is created. All of this to say that neuroscience allows you to invent something that would be eternal, not temporary.

7.     Who was/is the most impactful figure in human history?

Quinn: I’ve heard various answers to this question in the past. Neil DeGrasse Tyson gave an interesting answer on the Joe Rogan podcast, citing Christopher Columbus as the most important figure, given that he discovered the new world, which led to America, the most influential nation for peace and prosperity in the history of Earth. Historians have also often considered Genghis Khan the most influential figure since he fundamentally changed not only the geopolitical landscape of humanity but also potentially its gene pool, if the accounts are correct. Many have hypothesized that, all things considered true, Jesus would have been the most important figure, if he was indeed the son and embodiment of the God of all creation. Something recently I thought of was perhaps, the scientist that leaked COVID-19 is the most impactful figure in human history. As the virus continues to kill and spread and even mutate it may wind up being the deadliest virus in history that was leaked by a human. Note here I said deadliest virus leaked by a human. Although the deaths of something like HIV (30+ million) far eclipse the deaths of COVID (~3 million), HIV wasn’t leaked from a lab. My real answer to this question, is that the most influential figure in human history is Abraham. The question here states “impactful figure”. Given that 55.5% of world’s population, or roughly 4 billion people, are followers of an Abrahamic religion, then it stands to reason that Abraham is the most impactful figure. He is the binding figure in three religions that have warred for centuries. He is the common link in the three religions that dominated the Western World since roughly 1000 AD. In the Book of Genesis, which is common to all three Abrahamic religions, Abraham makes direct contact with God. In Judaism, this contact results in the covenant of pieces, in which Abraham becomes the direct father and lineage creator of the Jewish progeny. In Christianity, Abraham is regarded as the spiritual father of all Christians. And in Islam, he is considered the first pioneer of Islam, essentially spreading monotheism.

Daniel: I’m going to cheat and talk about 3 individuals: Currently alive, recently alive, and very old.
Firstly, this is a good moment to fanboy over Elon Musk. The reason I look up to him so much is that he is relatable and a man of the people. Although he gets criticized publicly, he still takes the trouble to do interviews, podcasts, and communicate with people on twitter. I don’t see many other people like him doing the same. They stay far and distant. And maybe that is on purpose, but regardless, if you look at Musk before he was even famous you’d see he hasn’t changed all that much. Objectively speaking, the impact he’s had on Earth will change the course of humanity. From reusable rockets to electric cars, he isn’t content with the status quo. He is one of the few who has vision that extends beyond his own life and is courageous enough to share and implement it.
Next, is Albert Einstein. I don’t know much about him beyond what he’s accomplished. I don’t think anyone really does. That is the difficulty with people who have passed away especially before the age of the interment and video. I’ve read the theory of relativity which is arguably his greatest accomplishment. I don’t even understand it fully, but how he concluded that gravity is a warping of space-time is beyond me. Or the relationship between mass and energy explained in a simple equation. It’d take me years to just understand the implication of that. Finally, after hundreds of thousands of years of human existence we get a glimpse at the laws that govern out universe.
Lastly, and this is far-out for me, is Jesus Christ. Assuming he existed, his teachings and central claims to reality have changed and influenced the entire world. It is literally routed in Western Ideology. As Alain de Botton put in Status Anxiety, “one of the central claims of Jesus was that all humans beings, including the slow-witted, the untalented and the obscure, were beloved creatures of God.” These immutable rights as human were first taught by Jesus. The idea that a higher meaning, beyond this life on earth, was the main thing worth striving for. It’s united the most ununitable people from all over Earth. I’m not sure we would be where we are today if it wasn’t for some of Jesus’s central teachings.

Mike: It almost has to be Jesus Christ, and this is from taking a neutral stance. Believer or non-believer, Jesus has been the center of billions of people’s lives and the person of debates throughout every day of every century since his life on Earth. Now impactful can be narrowly drawn depending on the person. Someone may think of the cosmos and who had the greatest discovery, someone may think of e-commerce and who had the greatest impact on it, someone may think of an invention and who had the greatest invention that impacted humanity, etc. There are way too many ways to consider this question, which makes it difficult to answer. When you think of electricity, it opened the door to the modern world, because of its functionality in everyday life. It even created opportunity and provided many benefits impoverished areas. One may think of Alexander Fleming and his invention of penicillin. This was revolutionary and still impactful today; it has saved millions of lives and opened the door to new inventions in the realm of pharmaceuticals. But, when I think of impactful, I think of impactful to the individual self. Jesus Christ has created hope and provided guidance for many people to live by and live for. People are constantly looking for meaning in life and how to live a better life. Jesus provided a means to accomplish these goals or at least a belief that these goals are attainable. More than ever, people are looking for meaning in life, and this, I believe, is in part because of desire to focus on yourself. Regardless of whether you believe or not, Jesus has sparked the desire to be a part of something bigger than yourself, because Christians find meaning not in the work they do, but rather in the desire to become “like God.” This creates a self-nature of being kind, sacrificial, etc. It has also pushed the individual thinkers further from church, which in turn has pushed those people to creating their own version of religion. In a sense, religion is a belief in something greater; something greater may be a political party’s beliefs or a company’s goals. This type of hierarchical structure is something that is seen throughout the Bible and is constantly permeating throughout societies across the world. The push to find and grow self has inevitably pushed people into hierarchical structures within society. So, I think both directly and indirectly, Jesus Christ has influenced people’s individual lives because of the desire to become “like God” and pursue faith, or the denial of that path to follow a path of individual desire which ends up becoming a hierarchical structure through conformity (becoming “like-God”). This correlation may be specious, but it makes sense in my mind. 

8.     If humans can figure out life extension, would you want to live forever? Should humans be immortal?

Quinn: In his book, Lifespan, David Sinclair makes very matter-of-fact claims that we have cracked at least part of the code to life extension. Through the discovery of Sirtuins, humans have gained access to the signaling proteins which regulate metabolism and ultimately result in our lifespans. And through compounds such as resveratrol and NMN, we can extend our lifespan. Indeed much work has been done on this topic, considering the discovery of our own mortality is essentially the cornerstone of consciousness, and in a sense, the revelation that is granted to human beings in Genesis. Dr. Rhonda Patrick has done significant work to also prove lifespan extension and mortality reduction through the aid of heat shock proteins, stimulated in high heat/high cold environments. Pure O2 therapy, stem cell injection, and even youthful blood transfusion have all shown varying degrees of promise with regards to lifespan extension. But no one has cracked the code on indefinite lifespan. We can grow organs in petri dishes, we can replace those organs with older ones in our body, and we can even survive in a vegetative state on iron lungs and feeding tubes, but no one has yet to discover how we can live forever. How do we stop the unraveling of our genetic material and the fraying of our telomeres? I do believe one day, it will be cracked. And I agree with the late Larry King, when asked if he wanted to live forever, “you bet your ass!” Should humans be immortal? If you are religious, the answer is “we already have the opportunity to be.” 

Daniel: I think back to a novel I read when I was younger, Tuck Everlasting. One of the principal characters is faced with the decision to drink from the fountain of youth and live forever. She decided not to in exchange for a meaningful, normal life. Great novel and illustrates how closely the idea of happiness and meaning is tied up with our mortality as humans. For the human mind, finite things are easier to appreciate. It’s the way of evolution and the natural cycle of life and death.
Being immortal means not dying from natural death due to age or illness. Not invincibility. So, I would choose to be immortal if available. I would get to enjoy all the things that simply don’t fit in a normal lifespan. As our world becomes more complex and fuller of scientific knowledge, this becomes even truer. I genuinely believe it is our duty to surpass and evolve beyond the ambiguous limitations set forth by evolution & natural selection. We haven’t succumbed to any another biological limit. We all takes antibiotics, get surgeries, and engage in life-extension activities to basically cheat & avoid death. So why stop at the length of our telomeres? There are a couple of species believed to be biologically immortal. So, I don’t see any reason as to why we would need to die prematurely to prove some principle or fulfill some prophecy.
Since I think the odds of an afterlife are skim, there is no rush to travel to a new plane. Conversely, the fact that we exist and contain conscious right this moment is a surety; we should do everything in our power to capitalize on what we do know. Choosing to be immortal would be a personal choice and once you were done with your time on earth, assisted suicide would still be an option.

Mike: This is difficult to answer for me because I have already accepted the reality of death. I may not want to live forever, but I would want to live until a good age like 82. There are already discussions on how to prevent the shortening of telomeres and how to prevent cells from aging, so the ideas are there. However, I don’t know if I would want to live forever. But I do know that I don’t want my life to be cut short, so instead of stopping the aging process altogether, I would rather have a way to keep me alive until late life. Although, to be immortal would allow me to experience all of the world and any new space exploration humans take. But I don’t think humans should be immortal. I don’t think humans would fare well if they lived forever. It would create no incentive to start young and work hard, because if you’re going to live forever, then why rush life. Nevertheless, I think it is something that shouldn’t happen, and I know I wouldn’t want to live forever. 

9.     What is the ideal number of friends for you? Dunbar’s number suggest the cognitive limit is 150.

Quinn: I’ll first offer up my understanding of Dunbar’s number, with a modern critique as well as modern support. Then, I’ll offer up my own answer, and why it fits the question of ‘ideal for you’. Dunbar’s number refers to a very specific metric for cognitive limit, “stable social relationships in which an individual knows who each person is and how each person relates to every other person.” The modern critique for this would be social media, a given person can have ~1000 followers/following. Let’s say your graduating class at high school was 400 and you knew roughly 25%, that’s 100 people. You knew how each one related to the other, and had interactions with all of them from classes to sports to social groups. That’s not unreasonable. Then let’s say you formed another 100 connections with humans in college through extracurricular activities, fraternal organizations and group projects. Finally let’s say, in your first 5 years of working, you established relationships with another 50 people through various jobs. Between those three groups, plus neighbors and family, you may have approximately 300 social connections, and if they were neatly organized in a social media catalogue in which you were reminded of each, and had access to the current lives of each in blurbs throughout the last decade, I could see it being feasible to double Dunbar’s Number. Now let me offer up more of a supporting argument for Dunbar’s Number. I would argue that friends are not the same as social connections, and social media has proved this too. As Dunbar’s number states, part of this cognitive limit is “stable social relationship.” Although you may have a social connection to someone and they may fit the parameters of “how that person relates to every other person,” you may have no other commonality with them other than that fact. Friendship is based on commonality. ‘Social relationship’ to me means consistent communication, and ‘stable’ means if the commonalities were discussed, the relationship would be stable because they are plentiful. On our social media, we may consistently DM 25 people. We may consistently text and call another 25. We may interact with 15 at work, and we may have stable relationships with 20 family members. All in all that doesn’t even break 100. I’d say Dunbar’s Number is accurate based on this analysis. But I think at the end of the day, the question relies on the person. Those with higher levels of openness and extroversion are likely to desire maintaining higher levels of social connections. Those with higher levels of conscientiousness and introversion likely desire lower quantities. I fall into the ladder, and if I were to organize my social network, fitting the confines of Dunbar’s Number “stable social relationships”, I would add another axiom, which would be depth. I have Class A Depth - very deep, roughly 5. Class B Depth – consistent communication and more than surface level depth, roughly 15. And Class C Depth - purely surface level, but stable nonetheless, roughly 20. My total number would be 40. 

Daniel: My ideal number of friends is as many as it takes to feel connected, supported, and informed. For the purpose of this question, I’ll consider friends to be people I know fairly well. A spectrum of course. I have friends I see only when I’m in certain towns. Others, I connect with monthly or weekly. A good spread of friends I’ve found to be important. From all walks of life. They bring in fresh perspectives and challenges.
Also, new friends at different stages of life have been important for me. For example, I have a group of high school friends who see me not very different than who I was then. This is humbling and low pressure. No matter what I accomplish, I’m still that guy from the local high school. I’ve made friends in college who see me as someone who Is studious and driven. And then people I’ve met later in life who have little or none pre-conceived notations of me.
A while back I drew out a friendship web, of all my nearest connections. I made it to about 30 or so. I could have probably reached 50 if I was being open with my definition of friend. Through this I learned that 30 people is really a lot. Keeping up with 30 meaningful relationships is not easy or trivial. That Is 30 birthdays, 30 histories, 30 secrets, and 30 commitments.
Lastly, I’ve had a lot of success with going deep than with going broad with my friendships. In other words, truly getting to know 4 or 5 people. And 2 or 3 of those really super deep. And in my opinion, the deepest with 1 true friend (2 if you have a significant other, but generally one or the other is lacking). It’s just the limitations of the mind. We don’t have the bandwidth to care and connect that much.

Mike: I immediately don’t agree with Dunbar’s number. 150 may be a great number for acquaintances or even people you may do a small favor for, but those people are not considered friends. Those people are in your social connections. What I mean by this is that those people are people you call to get a table when a restaurant is fully booked, need a ticket to a sold-out game, or exchange general formalities when you see each other. You harvest those relationships so you can have social connections when needed. You learn enough about that person to where it doesn’t get too personal, but it gives off the impression that you care about each other. This number may even be greater than 150. Ideal number of friends would be below 50, and probably is even lower for me personally. There are levels to friendship, just like there are levels to relationships with family. All of those levels are able to be categorized based on transparency and vulnerability with each individual person. Transparency is the ability to reveal information about you to someone; vulnerability is the ability to open yourself up to judgment because of revealing how that reveal information actually affects you. Most people are transparent with their family and good friends; however, people are not particularly keen on being vulnerable. I think you can have 30-50 transparent relationships with friends, and of those, maybe 3-7 of them allow you to be vulnerable. These are all generalizations of course.

10.  Should the primary goal in life be to seek happiness?

Quinn: I’ve been thinking about this a lot in the last few years and I realize that Happiness is not a first principle. There are preconditions to happiness. So, if you want to achieve happiness you must first seek the underlying principles. Jordan Peterson has articulated this best in my opinion, he said, if all you seek is happiness, it will serve you well when your life is going well, but as soon as life gets rough, you will have nothing underneath to support you and keep you afloat. In other words, happiness is not possible all the time. When you are sick and unable to do the things that bring you happiness, you need something else to keep you alive. This brings us to the natural conclusion that happiness is not primary but secondary. It is a byproduct of fulfillment and meaning and therefore shouldn’t be a primary goal. Finding meaning in life is the primary goal. Fulfillment will arrive so long as you act in a way that serves that meaning. And happiness will materialize when the actions that bring you fulfillment are positive. You can feel fulfilled despite being tired and unhappy, but if there is meaning underneath, there will still be fulfillment. Happiness is not pleasure. It is not hedonistic, and it is not reduced to excitement or satisfaction. Happiness is a unicorn zone whereby in that moment, you are fulfilled by the meaning in your life. 

Daniel: Happiness is an elusive thing. By its nature, it is short lived. It requires higher and higher thresholds to create the same effect. As I kid, a simple toy would make me happy. Nowadays, I require a lot more stimulus. It is natural. The brain desensitizes itself over time to cope with our environment. The hedonic treadmill.
A similar, more stable version of happiness is acceptance. Acceptance is the practice of accepting and appreciating the current moment. The teachings of Buddhism and authors like Eckart Tolle often say, “nothing you do or accomplish will add or take away from what you already have.” That may seem like a mystical/spiritual thing to say, but I think it is rooted in biology. I am okay right now, in this very moment. The brain is wired to never have enough. Seeking conventional happiness is almost an impossible task.
Another learning I’ve adopted is to seek meaning over happiness. Jordan Peterson first brought this to my attention. Meaning is like sauce and happiness is like juice. Juice will last a couple of weeks in your fridge. But sauce? You are looking at months of shelf life. Meaning is finding fulfillment and purpose in one’s immediate day-to-day life. It means taking on more responsibility within your family and community. This also makes sense biologically. We have evolved to function in tight knit communities. Helping others is a trait we developed which in turn provides us with meaning. We weren’t built to solely seek individualistic happiness, pleasure, material gain, and status.
To answer the question, in the short term, I seek acceptance & meaning and enjoy happiness as a byproduct of my accomplishments & state of mind. But long term, I seek meaning through acts of service, providing value to friends and family, and bearing as much responsibility as possible.

Mike: It all depends on one’s outlook on life. Someone may put themselves through an unhappy life because they want to make an impact on other people’s lives. This may be in the form of working long hours and traveling a lot. It may seem unattractive, but there are many impactful figures throughout history that have lived an unhappy life (presuming long hours and lots of travel would make someone unhappy) to better the world and the society they live in. However, most people are not going to attain or even attempt to attain that kind of impactful life. Most people will want to live a comfortable life with limited stressful seasons. Jordan Peterson’s revolutionary take on seeking meaning is premised with the idea that happiness is futile; one should seek to accomplish their responsibilities and through that they will find meaning. The idea is that by accomplishing a task or a goal, it will provide fulfillment – especially considering the path to accomplish many tasks or goals is not always easy; it will come with unhappiness. This take has helped many people find fulfillment. Nevertheless, almost everyone feels happiness when they are within their tribe – whether that is with family, friends, or significant other. The moments spent with those people usually involve no tasks to accomplish, so feeling fulfilled doesn’t seem to apply. Those moments are usually filled with happiness because of social connection, which is something that is lacking in today’s world. Both Vivek Murthy and Ian McGilchrist believe that social connection is seriously lacking within today’s society, so it makes sense that people are unhappier and constantly seeking the meaning of life. People are now under the assumption that fulfillment equals meaning. This may be true in part, but I don’t think it is enough. I think we should seek a deeper social connectedness with the people we trust, because this will provide the inherent happiness that life is meant to provide. Overall, I think we should seek happiness, but it is just one part of a whole in an attempt to find meaning.

11.  Is it okay to lie? What about white lies? Is there a grey zone for acceptable lying?

Quinn: After reading Lying by Sam Harris, my opinion on the issue is altered, in fact, it’s less of an opinion now and more philosophy based on practicality. I think 98% of the time the answer is no. The reasoning behind it is two-fold. Reason one; lying to someone imposes the idea that you know better what to do with the truth, you are either better equipped with its possession and withholding or you do not believe it necessary to them at all. This is morally incorrect in 98% of circumstances because they have a right to the truth, same as you. The second reason is put extremely concisely and brilliantly by Harris, “Honesty is a gift we can give to others. It is also a source of power and an engine of simplicity. Knowing that we will attempt to tell the truth whatever the circumstances, leaves us with little to prepare for. Knowing that we told the truth in the past, leaves us with nothing to keep track of. We can simply be ourselves in every moment.” I thought about this at great length for many months. I realized we are taught not to lie because it is wrong, but we’re never given a practical implication as to why that is objectively, not just morally. It’s objectively simplifying. It makes our lives 100% easier. It reduces potential anxiety. It eliminates the need for a mental ledger. It allows genuine connection. The 2% in which I feel this philosophy may face its constraints are in the case of extremely personal issues between adolescent and adult. The general principle here is that, if there is a moral component to not lying, as fleshed out in reason 1, then there is perhaps also a contradicting moral obligation to your children. Take this example. Your child asks you if Santa is real. Santa is a figurehead for the idea of Christmas, so in some sense it doesn’t matter if Santa is real or not, since he’s just the embodiment of the spirit of Christmas. But that’s not the line of thinking to take here. The line of thinking to discuss is this; are you doing social harm to your child by telling them Santa isn’t real? Then they go to school, to friends houses, to soccer practice, to church, and ruin it for other kids. Parents will be annoyed with them. Teachers will be annoyed with them. Coaches will be annoyed with them. Have you done your child a disservice? Have you put them in a position to be a social outcast? After all, unlike an adult, children don’t ask for the truth because they are capable of cognitive clarity, they ask because they are curious. Adults, with fully formed brains, personalities, and cognition, deserve the truth. You don’t let a 12-year-old drink alcohol. In my estimation this is a very deep grey zone for lying. There are other cases here for discussion. Perhaps the way in which a relative died is traumatic. One of the arguments against lying to a child is that once the child realizes you’ve lied to them, perhaps later in life, they will not be able to trust you. But what if you tell the child, “I don’t want to tell you how grandpa died.” They will not drop it, they will be suspect of you in the short term, even if your rationale makes sense long term. So, I do believe, and have experience with this idea that it may be better to lie and ask forgiveness later on topics such as these, than to explicitly withhold, and reveal later. The damage done in the short term by withholding might outweigh the mistrust you have to contend with in the long term, by lying. 

Daniel: Ricky Gervis starred & directed in a hilarious move called the Invention of Lying. It took place in alternative reality where people didn’t know how to lie, so everyone would just be brutally honest. It is like they were compelled to be overly honest. This is a misleading take on living without lying. When you decide not to lie, often times you just say nothing or tell people you don’t want to answer. You don’t have to reveal everything you are thinking or feeling in the moment.
I’m basically going to paraphrase Sam Harris’s book on lying here. Lying to others, even white lies, is truly a zero-sum game. Lies are great red flags of an underlying problem. If you find yourself justifying white lies often, to spare feelings or avoid awkwardness, then ask yourself why you are in that position to begin with? A position to lie rather than being honest. What is it about that friend, relationship, significant other, or acquaintance that is producing this fakeness? Can you not be yourself? Do you have to appease them? Is this relationship beneficial and worth keeping?
There’s the I that exist right this instant. But there is also the me tomorrow and week from now. All these future projections are still me and whatever I do today will directly impact the future me. A lie today travels through this temporal space to effect each of those future selves. What you get a spider web of lies and dishonesty. The easy way out for the present you is to lie, but it simultaneously makes it more difficult for the future you.
Another aspect to this is what makes us the judge and so sure that we know what’s best for others? When did you decide that others can’t bear the heaviness of the truth? So instead, you will lie to them for their own sake. This is deeply unfair and inhuman. Every human deserves to hear the truth, or at least the untainted version, and then they can decide what to do with it. We should not be the gatekeepers of the truth.

Mike: This question has elicited much thought and debate over time. Kant believes that people should never lie, regardless of the circumstance. He believed that lying would corrupt individual dignity, which, he argued, would take away the ability for humans to make free choices. The thought behind Kant’s premise is that lying contradicts our morality, and it takes away our ability to make free decisions because when we lie, we are making choices and statements that further protect that lie from being revealed as a lie. So, we are not making choices that are free from encumbrances. Additionally, Kant believed that our choice to lie affects other’s ability to make autonomous decisions. The reason is that the other person is now making a choice based on our lie, which, had we not lied, may have led to a different decision, so we rob them of truly making a free choice. Nevertheless, Kant’s argument is a zero-tolerance one, and it is one that many people have used as a foundation for their argument but with several variations. There are so many situations in which lying would be appropriate: not revealing the whereabouts of a Jew during WWII, telling your wife a dress looks good on her, not revealing information that is a part of an NDA, etc. Putting aside certain legalities, lying is sometimes necessary to maintain a society and protect the lives of people. However, there need to be parameters for what type of lie is acceptable, but this would be too complicated to solve. Lying is acceptable when you are trying to help someone deal with a mental disorder or severe insecurity, to protect someone’s life, to not reveal highly classified information that, if revealed, would harm many people, and more. Lying is necessary, but it should be provoked. One should not freely lie, but only lie when asked a question where the truth would be harmful. Kant is correct for the most part, except for in limited circumstances. One additional thought that can used for a later discussion, is what about lying to self? Sometimes we use this as motivation to change our thinking, example: when I’m super sore and about to go workout, I’ll tell myself that I am not sore to get a better lift in and create a better mentality when attacking each set. In this case, lying has benefited me, but at what cost?

12.  Are the human body and brain optimal? If we are able to harness CRISPR to modify our genes, would you partake?  

Quinn: In one of my favorite shows, Fringe, the main characters discover that there are these bald males in black suits who appear across time and location in many pictures, virtually simultaneously. In almost every important moment in the show, you will find one of these figures. They refer to them as Observers. Spoiler alert, in the long run they find out these observers are human. They are from the future. They are learning about history in real time because they’ve mastered time travel. As the show progresses, we learn that these observers are emotionless. They don’t feel pain either. They are computational beings. They have a device implanted in their brains which removes human characteristics and transforms them into more robotic creatures. Story telling is important for this reason, ala Jordan Peterson, because it gives us examples of extreme cases, and humans are quite good at reducing down to normal circumstances and extrapolating themes, especially universal themes. This is one such example of where my mind goes when I think about things like CRISPR and Neuralink. It’s a dangerous game. And while I do see immense upside, I also see the red flags. Truth be told, I would most likely partake if I felt that the data was strong enough and the downsides were minimized. It’s interesting to me that our own biology is still so up for interpretation. For example, scientists have still not nailed down the exact genetic flaw(s) that causes Crohn’s Disease. They also don’t know what causes the disease to flare, to go into remission, or to remain in a moderate state. If you’ve done 23&Me’s genetic data testing, you’ll know that even with very distinct traits, like being able to smell asparagus in your pee, can only be given to you as a “likelihood.” Let alone, more extreme cases like Parkinson’s. Again, you can only know a likelihood. I would only engage in something as permanent and impactful as CRISPR if the baseline knowledge about the genetic malfunctioning and the interaction of that gene(s) with ALL the other genes was concrete. Given that we sequenced the entire genetic spectrum back in the 90’s and have yet to solve basic asks as it pertains to genetic interaction and causation, I believe we are a long way off, perhaps not even in my lifetime. 

Daniel: I’ve talked a little about my general thoughts about the human body & mind being not optimal. I’ll cover why I think that is and then explain why I would partake.
The process of evolution and natural selection is not perfect. My parents always say, “nature is perfect. Nature is perfectly balanced.” This makes sense from a very far-away perspective. There’re nature cycles on earth such as the water cycle & carbon cycle. Plants use photosynthesis to create basic sugars then animals eat that. Then larger animals eat those animals. But if one looks closely, evolution and natural cycles are littered with oddities and vestigial features as a result of unguided processes.
Take for example, our tailbones. They serve no real purpose and is clearly the remnants of what used to be a tail. Or as Charles Dawkins mentioned in Outgrowing God, the way the photocells and the optic nerve are arranged in our eyes, leads to that blind spot we all have. My point with saying this is that there is tendency towards thinking that we are the way we are for a reason. That there is some great purpose why we are like this. That we are prefect as is. And that our humanity is worth conserving at all costs. It could be a religious ideology, or it could be just human-centric thinking. But I don’t see evidence to why that would be the case. I see evidence of humans suffering due to genetic disease and biological shortcomings.
We have also been modifying ourselves with plastic surgery, medicine, joint implants, pacemakers, deep brain stimulators, and much more. With every drug we take or medical procedure we undertake, we get farther from our “untouched, perfect human selves.” The natural next step is to edit our genes directly.
We risk losing our humanity as we make more changes. And that is a risk I think is worth taking. We aren’t promised a hospitable planet, a calm sun, and ideal conditions to support life forever. What we can become is so much greater than what evolution has been lucky enough to stumble on.

Mike: No, the human body and brain are not optimal. Optimal means “best,” and human bodies are constantly evolving, so it is hard to say when human bodies will actually be optimal. We have continually gotten stronger, and possibly smarter, as time has passed. Records are constantly being broken in the Olympics, making someone continually question the limits of the human body. And people are constantly creating more advanced technology, always better than before. We are not optimal beings yet, but we are constantly getting one step closer – closer to what is the question. There possibly may be no limit to human abilities; it is just time that prevents us from achieving these results today. However, if science successfully uses CRISPR to make humans optimal, that may be something I would partake in. I think I would wait a little bit to see the success rate and if there are any negative consequences that come with it. I would want to modify my genes to get rid of any gene that could lead me to develop any type of disease and other things like that. I do not believe everyone should partake in CRISPR, however. As bad as this sounds, the world needs unintelligent people. There are jobs that an intelligent person wouldn’t take because they know what their ability is. Unintelligent people will settle for certain jobs, mind you, that are much needed in society, but jobs intelligent people wouldn’t “settle” for.  Maybe with humans operating at optimal efficiency, we create ways of technology taking over those jobs that don’t require high IQs. Additionally, if my brain is operating at optimal efficiency, I may be able to spend less time learning because I will grasp the concept of something faster than normal, so I can spend that time doing something actually useful.

13.  What environment do you have in place, and what steps are you taking to increase your productivity and well-being?

Quinn: As I write this, I’m freshly moved into my very own apartment in Charlotte. I’ve effectively set up my life exactly the way I wanted to within the constraints of money and opportunity. This took me 3 years of hard thinking and experimenting to nail down, but I finally manifested into reality. I own a lot of the things that I want to own. I engage in activities I want to engage in. I live in a city I desire to live in. I have things in proximity that I value. My routine is mostly set up to my liking. The environment is 90% perfect. There are three main things, that if I had them, would make up the 10%. Although these are things that may be impossible to achieve. One, closer proximity to friends and family. Although I’ve improved upon this by great strides, it may not be possible to have all my best friends, my brothers, and my parents in the same city. Two, more free time. If I could work 40 hours on the dot, I do believe I could enhance my well-being to an even greater extent, but this comes at the cost of money, which I also like. Third and final, solutions to genetic flaws. I would love to figure out a sustainable way to sleep 8 hours deeply every night, to add and retain muscle mass more effectively, and to minimize the constraints of my J-Pouch. Maybe there is room to be made on this front. I have opportunities and wins when it comes to increasing productivity and well-being that are well within my control. My wins are as follows: prioritizing sleep and deprioritizing television, eliminating the need to cook, implementing reading in to my weekly schedule, living near the gym and grocery store, owning valuable technology, and vacationing often. My opportunities are as follows: searching for and finding love, correcting my jaded attitudes about particular aspects in life, eliminating wasteful time sucks, being kinder, being more truthful, and being less black and white.

Daniel: I’ll start by talking about a recent change in my perspective on friendships. I used to think I had limitless reserves of emotional bandwidth to share with people. More specifically, my one-sided relationships. The ones where I listened only and became a sounding board for that person. I felt special somehow. I took pride and felt superior for being able to maintain relationships that were not in my best interest. I thought there was something to gain, endlessly listening, and not sharing anything deeper about myself. There is no bad or good here. Simply, the relationship was not mutually beneficial and always left me feeling emptier afterwards. No one’s fault, really.
Luckily, I’ve experienced incredible mutual and symbiotic relationships to help me differentiate now. Nonetheless, it was my fault for trying to maintain it artificially at the expense of my well-being. Recently, I’ve been more careful of where I devote my attention and just simply not doing anything I don’t want to do. If it doesn’t sound like fun, I just say no.
To answer the productivity point, I’ve been observing myself to gauge when and what makes me productive. I have to say, there’s a bit of randomness in it. So. I’ve leaned into this. When I don’t feel like it, I just relax and become present in the moment. When I feel creative and inspired, I make sure I take full advantage and write, work, and read. I try not to force myself and become a tyrant in my desire to be productive.
Lastly, ever since I drank the efficiency and productivity Kool-Aid, I’ve had difficulty really resting. Like truly resting without lining up activities and other projects. Like an ex-girlfriend once simply put it, “life isn’t always about accomplishing.” There’s real deep wisdom in that. I’m trying my best to balance my desires with my needs.

Mike: The environment I create to increase productivity and well-being is one of routine. I try to wake up at the same time every single day, including weekends. I do this so I don’t throw off my circadian rhythm, which will disrupt my sleep and subsequently affect my productivity for the day. So, my sleep/wake routine is quite important to me. I eat the same meals around the same times throughout the days; this includes chicken, rice, and a vegetable for the most part. I also workout around the same time at night. Our bodies are constantly updating based on the new information we are feeding it, so I want my body to update as little as possible because this will create more efficiency in my body by being able to recognize a situation, know the necessary energy output, and produce the optimal performance for that task. If your body isn’t in a routine, it’ll take longer to adjust, it won’t know how much energy to exert, and it may even go into some type of cortisol release because of being an unknown situation, which induces stress. Lastly, I like to relax the mind and strengthen it through meditation (including breathing techniques), playing chess, and reading.

14.  With Tesla being on the brink of launching FSD (full-self driving), should we be weary or relieved? Thousands of people die at the hands of other drivers, how do you feel about much less people dying but at the hand of a machine?

Quinn: I see FSD as synonymous to the invention of the cotton gin or the robotic arm. It’s a natural evolution in technology. Modern airplanes are 75% fully automated, the pilot is really responsible for taking off and landing. We could create the same environment as it pertains to cars. Granted, automotive driving contains far greater changes for failure due to the number of other drivers and frequency of stops, but we automated flying decades ago, well before we obtained the technology we have today. Like with anything else, anomalies exist. There will still be deaths. But, 1. If the data proves far fewer deaths and 2. We are still given full control of the vehicle when/if we feel necessary then I would feel comfortable existing in an FSD environment. We cannot halt progress because of fear, we must only take it into consideration and prioritize getting rid of the likelihood of failure.  

Daniel: I often think about how humans make decisions and decide on their fears. The human brain is not great a statistic and despite popular belief, we make most of decisions based on emotion. We fear getting in the ocean because of sharks, scared to get on plane, scared of ghosts, and much more. It’s the loud, dramatic things that scare us the most and we tend to under-weigh the things that actually take us out like accidents, heart disease, and lower respiratory infections. That In part, I think is the role of government and other controlling bodies: to counter just this very thing. I know that is a slippery slope, but it is pivotal that someone or a group of people are looking at the numbers behind things rather than their emotional outcomes.
If tesla is able to achieve FSD that statistically causes less deaths than human drivers, then we should implement it. The evidence will be in the numbers. Now, if people do die due to a system or environmentally anomaly, then there should be a process on how to best handle that.
There’s this famous thought experiment in practical ethics called the trolley problem, where basically an individual has to decide whether to do nothing and let a train hit 5 people or divert the train and let it kill1 person instead. Or, do nothing. There is no right or wrong answer. It just depends on your philosophy in life. Most people would say they would divert the train to kill just the 1 person, but if that 1 person was a child? Or your spouse or mother? My point here is that there are situations in practical life where we should never let just 1 person decide. As cold as it sounds, we cannot put ourselves mentally in that situation. Difficult problems like this should be solved in a groups of people who weigh the pros and cons using facts and figures.

Mike: I say relieved, but lawyers will of course disagree. The reason we should feel relieved is because humans have too many distractors that can take away our focus when driving – texts, calls, looking at the surrounding environment, weather, etc. FSD cars have no distractors and only have one task . . . drive. FSD have sensors that act like sonar radars and even more complex technology than I can describe. All is this put together correctly will create a car that can react faster than a human and act less irrational when driving on a highway (think of those people that speed like crazy and change lanes rapidly). FSD, at its best, should be the future of driving because technology can operate more efficiently and safely than humans usually can. The major issues are going to be mass production and possible chip malfunctions. If a whole fleet of cars have a faulty chip that will lead to a malfunction in the AI of the car, that could be viewed as worse than someone not paying attention and causing an accident. However, the ability for FSD to take over the air software updates could alleviate these types of issues. Overall, accidents are always going to take place, but if we could limit those to a small number each year, then I think everyone would agree that that would be best. The way to limit the number of accidents is going to be through FSD cars.

15.  Will “social media influencer” as the top career choice in America’s youth lead to a decline in innovation and technology in America?

Quinn: This question could be answered in a few different ways. One way is in explaining why, to some extent, innovation and technological advancement in certain industries has been declining. I think Peter Thiel’s Zero to One does justice to this concept best. The second way is by looking at the potential alternatives to some large percentage of young adults choosing less technical careers like social media influencer over valuable education. I think the most obvious is that America would import talent from developing nations who would be prioritizing technical education. Third is to look at why kids may be choosing social media influencer as a career path instead of technical education. Like the analogy of being cheated on, “perhaps some of this isn’t your fault, and perhaps some is.” Fault A. goes to the parents. If you become a parent and your child chooses a career with a low probability of success and a low moral bearing, it is most likely your failure as a parent that created the choice. Fault B. goes to the schools, High School and University. High School has become so mundane that kids aren’t engaged. University has become so rote and so expensive that it is not alluring. Fault C. goes to culture. Our culture deprioritizes education and prioritizes materiality and vain behavior. Fault D. finally goes to the individual. If you wish to become a social media influencer at the expense of the rest of the options available, perhaps you are dull and ignorant, as well as influenced by the failures of faulty parties A through C. Fourth is to actually hypothesize whether this scenario will happen and what the consequences may be. I think it’s unlikely that any noticeable percentage of youth will choose to make a career out of internet presence, one because the market demand would be too small and so many would fail, and two because social media is in a metamorphic phase or a dying phase, it’s too soon to tell, but something undoubtedly is happening. Half of the people I know aren’t active on Facebook or Twitter. The other half have Instagram, and half of them complain about how it is toxic, it makes them sad, and they’re unhappy about their activities on said platform. There will be an exodus from Instagram sooner or later. I also think that the recent revelations with regards to how much undue censorship happens on the social media platforms will drive millions away. Maybe even tens of millions. What that means for the alternatives people will choose to spend their free time, I do not know. Overall, to answer the question as directly as possible, no I don’t think social media influencer will remain a top career choice for America’s youth, and no I don’t think it will be a variable in the overall productivity, innovation and technological advancement in America. 

Daniel: Although it seems like everyone wants to be an influencer and a Tik Tok star, it is a small fraction of the population who actually make it there. Those few individuals get a bad rep, but I think they are clever and have tapped into a lucrative market. They may seem annoying or vain to the older generations, but at the end of it, they are just entertainers. As media and entertainment move from traditional forms of media such as movies, TVs, and commercials, the advertising dollars follow the crowds into the influencer arena.
The cultural shift to seeking attention as a career does have some effect on how our youth pick their careers. I think every generation is faced with a similar dilemma. Some seemingly superficial career paths can take away from the traditional, well respected careers. However, people like Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, and Rogan have brought attention and popularity to fields in science, technology, and medicine. It is becoming cooler to think really hard about things and want to make a difference in the world.
These things can coexist and if we play very close attention, at the very fringe of these social media influencers, lies innovation in culture & technology. If you were paying close attention 1 year ago, you could see Tik Tok becoming the #1 app. Gary Vayner chuck has always instilled in me that being an old head is always a bad move. Culturally and financially. Staying young and open minded even when we disagree with the premise of things, keep us astute and informed. Being ultra-practical in these situations can also be financially rewarding.

Mike: Probably. We are already seeing it head that way in the universities. Physics, mathematics, and engineering are seeing declines in the number of kids attending these types of grad schools and majoring in these fields in undergrad. For one, kids are seeing how much these fields pay compared to a youtuber or TikTok star – and it’s not even comparable for the most part. And schools are not doing a good job of promoting these fields as exciting and something that will make a difference in the world; schools are making these fields seem boring and a waste of life. And two, this newer generation understands life is short and they don’t want to sit behind a desk or in a lab all day long for the rest of their lives; they want to be out exploring the world. Well, the desire for that lifestyle could lead to a decline in innovation and technology. The before mentioned fields are what help create and invent new technology for companies and people to function daily. Our cars, phones, TVs, etc., they all can operate because of innovations in technology. So, it is worrisome because America does not need to fall behind in innovation due to importing/exporting to generate revenues, potential for data-leaks, and companies leaving America to be closer to talent-pools. I’m not quite certain how to make these fields more appealing, but I do know that figuring out a way to lower tuition cost may help with kids wanting to focus on these fields. Kids as young ages also need to be taught about the importance of these fields, because people want to feel as if what they are doing is important. If science and math don’t feel important, then people aren’t going to go into those fields. As social media becomes more of a presence in our daily lives, so will the desire to become an influencer on each platform, which inevitably will lead a lower amount of kids wanting to go into the careers that lead to new technology and innovation.

16.  How would you define success?

Quinn: In my estimation there is an objective definition of success and my own subjective definition of success. The objection definition of success is, “a location, where the coordinates of that location are occupied by your non-physical psyche and your physical being, in which a set of parameters for Life, defined by the individual, are met, in a manner which can be measured by its duration, permanence, and severity.” My subjective definition of success involves my parameters, some of which have remained consistent and others which fluctuate and change. Measuring those parameters for me involves durations, permanence levels, and severities: short term, medium term, and long term/new, semi-permanent, permanent/low severity, medium severity, high severity. In other words, I can define a present moment as successful in the same manner with which I can define a 5-year vision of success and a 30-year vision of success. I imagine a graph, in which the X axis is “time”, and the Y axis is “space”. There are data points, which are “events” in space-time. And the Line of Best Fit is the “Trajectory of Success”. As long as I’m on that LoBF I am achieving success. As for the parameters which are simple enough in nature to describe, they are as follows: One, financial stability including sufficient discretionary cash to enable frequent travel, low anxiety pertaining to bills, and freedom to purchase and own items that I deem affordable and valuable. Two, confidence and pride in my physical prowess. Three, a career which provides relative stability, potential for upward mobility, intellectual stimulation, and freedom to create the personal life I desire. Four, a network of friends and family that I have deep, meaningful relationships with, and that I am able to see and enjoy the physical presence of on a consistent basis. Five, a partner that I am deeply in love with, who challenges me, who supports me, who brings value and happiness to my life, and whom I can envision or currently engaged in a long term, child-bearing marriage with. Six, the present and future accumulation of experience which brings me fulfillment and informs me about life. Seven, the present and future accumulation of wisdom, which I can share. Eight, good health, within my control. Nine, measurable improvement in aspects of my life. Ten, measurable achievement in aspects of my life. 

Daniel: This is a definitely a dynamic question most of us spend our entire life trying to define and implement. I know that my idea of success has changed radically in the past 8 years and even more so, in the past 2 years. It’s actually funny to think about what I valued when I was 18 versus what I value today.
The fundamental reason for this stark difference has to be what I thought was true versus what is actually true. In other words, when the rubber hit the road. In my naivete, I took for granted a lot of things I thought were common. I assumed that things like a stable family or financial stability were commonplace and promised. I thought that everyone finds deep, meaningful love and friendship. Surely everyone eventually owns a house, right? And everyone has enough money to retire? Everyone is skinny and healthy and never struggles with mental health issues …. right?
A quick google search will shine some light on a lot of these figures. And that’s only the quantitative aspect of things. After graduating high school, most of these harsh realities become ever more present. Life is very complicated. Even if one has money, health and interpersonal situations arise. Life is a consistent path towards disorder and chaos. Every day we turn off the alarm, wake up, and brush our teeth is small victory over that disorder.
I began to meet all types of people. People who had let disorder into their homes and overrun their minds. Conversely, I met others who have brought order and stability to their homes and their life. Not perfect, but surely not the abyss It could be. I began to see that even small accomplishments were virtuous. Having meaningful friendships where I can be honest is virtuous and difficult. Having a wife and kids under a stable and loving roof is rare. I mean really fucking rare. Only a small portion are truly able to accomplish this.
It was difficult for me to get past some of the Western thinking, media, and Hollywood ideology instilled in me from a young age. Where being globally unique, rich, or special was the highest virtue. I can think of no sadder thing to believe.

Mike: Success has so many variations, so it cannot be reduced to a single definition. I think success depends on how you view your life. Someone can find success in (1) the amount of money they make, (2) the position they hold in their career, (3) maintaining a healthy lifestyle, (4) helping others, (5) maintaining strong relationships with friends and family, (6) traveling, and more. All of these are not mutually exclusive, so it is possible to find success in multiple parts of your life. If I had to define success for me, it would be a combination of a healthy lifestyle, strong relationships, traveling, and helping others. One, a healthy lifestyle is something I would find success in because I am a strong believer in the connection between the mind and body. I want to do my best at reducing the amount of cortisol release in my body, and I want to stay fit. I notice that when I go several days without working out, I get more erratic with my emotions, and I don’t think as clearly. So, this is one because it will help me regulate my emotions and allow for a more optimal functioning of my mind, and it will help me control the amount of stress that I allow into my life. The second is strong relationships. I don’t want to be on my death bed alone. I want to be surrounded by friends and family. Humans are built to be social creatures, whether that is with 2 people or 50 people. We were built to be within a network of trusted friends and family that we can confide in and have fun with. I want to have a deep connection with these people in my life because I want to be able to express my feelings, thoughts, and have laughter. I want to have a relationship with my children and wife. The third is traveling, this is included because I want to visit and take in all of the beauty that surrounds us on this Earth. The waterfalls, forests, cliffs, mountains, and sunsets. I want to experience the different versions of all of them across each continent. The fourth is helping others. This is one I desperately want to get better at. The Bible, Jordan Peterson, other religions, and other philosophers/psychologists discuss the importance of helping others as it relates to meaning in life and becoming the best “you.” Helping others is an act of high honor, because it means you are putting yourself second and putting your pride down. It takes you out of your bubble and exposes you to the real world and real issues within it. You become even more human in a sense, because you’re becoming a part of the entire society you live in, not just your secluded area of that society. These are what are important to me in defining whether I lived a successful life. Money is great cause it gives you more choices, jobs are great cause it gives you opportunity to earn money and leave your mark in a market, but those won’t lead to a fulfilled life for myself – maybe for others – but not me.

17.  How would you create Heaven if you could?

Quinn: There is a literal answer to this and a hypothetical answer, which is interesting because the question of Heaven’s literal existence is hypothetical. What is not hypothetical though, are the explicit directions in which to create the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth. Matthew 6:10, “Your Kingdom come, your will be done, on Earth as it is in Heaven.” What is being stated here, is that Heaven can be created on Earth, through the actions that are in accordance with the will of the highest ideal. It is restated in Romans 4:13, “For the promise that he would be the heir of the world was not to Abraham or to his seed through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.” In other words, those that will obtain a world, where Heaven is on Earth, will not be just Christians, but instead, those who work to embody the highest ideal; those who have faith in the principles enough to live out their lives according to them. All of this is to say that regardless of Heaven’s literal existence, there is an instruction manual, laid out for humans, on how to create a world that most resembles that which we’d hope Heaven’s literal existence to be like. Living with the aim towards the highest ideal is the best possible way to ensure the creation of Heaven on Earth.
To have some fun with it, I’ll describe what my own personal Heaven, in the metaphorical sense, would be like. I’d have 1000 acres outside a beautiful mountainous village where all my friends and family also had 1000 acres. During the day we’d go to each other’s houses and workout, run, ride horses, drive fast cars, fly fighter jets, skydive, hike. During the evening we’d gather for feasts, wine, movies, laughter, chess, poker. And during the night we’d each rest peacefully with our one true love. And that would last for infinite time.  

Daniel: Heaven would be a place where I could feel the love of generational family. Where all at once, I could feel the love of my parents, the love their parents gave them, and the love my great grandparents gave my grandparents and so on. For thousands of generations I could feel the sacrifice, the bonds, and the intimate moments all at one time.  Where we could all hold hands and instantly feel that emotion.
I would have instant access to trillions of hours of memories of time spent together across my entire ancestral tree.
Heaven would be a place where my ego would dissolve and I could see through the eyes of every single living being that ever existed. From the changes in temperature as a single cell bacterium to the most complex emotions ever felt by humans and animals. I would live a trillion lifetimes in the blink of an eye.
Heaven would be a place where I would know everything there was ever to know about reality and the universe. Where the truth where makes me say, “oh, I see now. I understand.” Heaven would be a place where my wildest dreams wouldn’t even scratch the surface of the insanity of what could be. Heaven would be a release from everything that we call human.

Mike: I would follow the model created at the end of the Netflix show “the Good Place.” At the end of the show, they come up with a model which assigns points to every “moral wrong” and creates a reasonable basis for getting into heaven or not. My heaven would not be an impossible place to get into, and I would not create a hell of eternal suffering; it would just be a place of nothingness. I would still hold high standards for having to get into heaven, so that quality people were actually getting in. My heaven would not be open borders. Once someone gets into heaven, I would create a system where everyone gets to choose their own island and can build it however they want to. It would always be 70 degrees and sunny with a slight breeze. The streets will be made of the finest jewels that Earth couldn’t create. I would get rid of tiredness; people could still sleep, but they don’t have to if they don’t want to. And while in heaven, there will still be standards for staying. But as long as someone maintains being a decent person, they will remain in heaven. The reason almost everyone will remain in heaven is the concept of oneness; each person will live by a set of principles that allow for peace and harmony within a society and deviation from those principles will almost be unheard of. Additionally, human minds are futile and take time to absorb new material. As the saying goes, “wisdom is much like a fine wine.” This won’t prove true in my heaven. People will be exposed to truths and will have wisdom immediately upon arrival. People won’t have to go through the passage of time to learn about life; people will be able to follow rational principles and live respectable lives in heaven because they have the wisdom of life. I would also take away the concept of relationships because there are too many variables in play with emotions. People don’t always act rationally when dealing with relationships. So, I would take relationships away and the desire to be in one. Everyone will be cordial and nice with each other. Conversations about trying to figure out what life and meaning are won’t take place because everyone in heaven will know what purpose and meaning is to life. My heaven will be a place of peace, tranquility, harmony, and fulfillment.

18.  Why do people cheat?

Quinn: Cheating is lying. People lie because it is expedient. It is short sighted. It is often the easier thing to do than tell the truth. As discussed in Question 11, it’s a bad idea, plain and simple. Cheating, like deception, is a form of lying. Cheating is expedient. Cheating is often easier than admitting defeat. Take the following example: Rob did not study for his Algebra final because he was playing Xbox late into the night. This is not a new phenomenon for Rob. He hasn’t studied for most of his tests. But innocent pushover Tim always allows Rob to cheat off of him since they sit next to each other and Tim is highly agreeable and non-confrontational. On the day of the final, Rob cheats off Tim, and passes the class. Rob continues this through high school, through college and finds himself a graduate of a decent college with a decent degree because he cheated his way through school. He is hired by a solid company. His first month in the job he is found to be a fraud – he cannot even conjure up solid math formulas for his excel model because he cheated his way through algebra. He cannot compose a solid email or write a white-paper because he cheated his way through English and Business Communication class. He is fired. Suddenly, his years of fraudulent behavior have manifested themselves into his demise. Who is to blame for all this? Well, obviously Rob, he’s a cheater after all, and he made the choice. But his parents are also to blame, they let him play Xbox instead of study, they never saw him do his homework and never asked about it. Tim is also to blame. Tim lied too, as did anyone of the people who let Rob cheat off them. They were accomplices in fraudulent activity. They enabled it. This is the entire reason why Jordan Peterson says, “do what is meaningful, not what is expedient,” and also why he says, “tell the truth, or at least don’t lie.” Back to why Rob did it. In the beginning (short term view), he cheated because it was expedient as we said. After a few successful cheating schemes (medium term view), he continues to do it because turning back at that point is far harder than admitting he knows little and is unprepared. And after a long while of cheating (long term view), after it’s embedded as a habit, he continues to do it because it’s become pathological. He has cheated all his life and thus become pathological about his cheating and lying; he believes himself to be intelligent and competent, not the result of cheating. It is the duty of adults to instill morality and conventional wisdom into adolescents, and punish behaviors that go against those things, so that a single successful attempt at cheating does not develop into a society populated by incompetent frauds. You could say that this happening in many ways currently because we have systematic enablement of deception and propagated lies. A few of the strongest examples are Affirmative Action and Pay-to-Play Ivy League Education. Affirmative action deceives people into thinking they are prepared for upper level courses, by lowering the standards for select groups to enter those courses, which later lead to challenging careers, of which they are equally unprepared for. Pay-to-Play Ivy League Education allows under prepared kids with wealth to cheat the system and obtain Ivy League education when they have not earned it on the basis of merit. This blocks kids who have worked hard from earning a spot and taking a position in a challenging career. The end results of both are economic stagnation, reduction in innovation, devaluation of merit, and often individual suffering on the part of those deceived. 

Daniel: I recently heard Jordan Peterson say something along the lines of, “people lie to manipulate and twist reality to their liking.” Cheating is sort of like lying. There’s a deceptive component, but maybe more importantly, it is a shortcut or the easier way to achieve something. By easier, I mean convenient and expedient. By cheating, we can circumvent the long process of doing it the “right” way. I think people cheat because they assume they wouldn’t get caught. Would people cheat knowing they were being watched? Probably not. So, they think, what is the harm? There’s no victim here. Maybe that is why sleeping with others while in a relationship is called cheating. The cheating part, is the shortcut bypassing breaking up with the significant other before being with someone else.
I’ve had a theory behind romantic cheating for a while now. I’ve been on the sharp end of cheating, and it hurt me beyond measure. The sense of betrayal, combined with the shame of feeling foolish, was an unforgettable experience. Yet, I think cheating has a natural place in the life cycle of romantic relationships. I think it is a mistake to quickly take the high road and claim one would never do such a thing. I think most people under the correct situations are capable of cheating. It speaks volumes about the nature of the existing relationship and can be a litmus test as to the sense of mutual trust. The act of cheating itself, the instant it happens, is actually a symptom of an underlying issue. Cheating has been around since the beginning of time. No matter how much we hate or push it away, it never seems to go away. So, we might as well understand why it happens.
To cheat may be inherent feature of the brain. The act of cheating happens when there is a disconnection between our immediate selves and the future self. We cheat for the sake of our immediate self, yet the future self usually has a price to pay, even if it’s a subconscious toll. The underlying symptom I mentioned earlier, needs to be carefully looked at. The factors in place, are contributing to why the cheating (or lying) behavior. Fix the underlying issue, and the symptoms go away or become less likely. 

Mike: This is a question I wrestle with a lot because my number one principle in life is loyalty. I think the reasons can vary based on whether we are a male or female, but there is also a common denominator between the two – feeling unappreciated/unloved. Before I get to the common denominator, I will discuss the many reasons for cheating, which I believe are the effects of feeling unappreciated/unloved. One is the excitement to do it and not get caught. Some people get a high when they break rules or laws, it gives them an adrenaline rush. The next is spending a lot of time with a co-worker or a friend within a friend group. Initially, this relationship is just an acquaintance or friend, but as the level of comfort around each other grows so does vulnerability and openness about your life. This now creates an emotional bond, which may lead to some type of physical intimacy. The third is insecurity. A man may cheat with another woman because his wife is someone important and in a position of power, and the woman he cheats with isn’t. He cheats because the woman doesn’t threaten his masculinity and pride. A woman may cheat with another man who is in a position of power and importance, because maybe her husband is not, and she wants someone who can provide more for her. The most likely scenario, however, is feeling unappreciated and/or unloved. A lot of these issues come from lack of communication – both with yourself and your partner. Communication with yourself allows you to pinpoint what is bothering you and to determine if it is something you need to fix or something you would like your partner to fix. Communication with your partner allows your partner to hear what is bothering you and work at fixing it, and it also can allow for your partner to help you figure out what is bothering you. When lack of communication takes place, issues can fester without you and/or your partner even realizing it. It can create an environment where you don’t feel appreciated and/or loved, so you try finding that somewhere else. I also think that a lot of people don’t find the one. Now that sounds cliché, and we have all heard it before, but it is something very true. When you find the one, everything in life is so much better; I mean everything. Many people settle for someone because of not wanting to put in any more effort, because it seems like the thing to do because of the usual timeline for relationships, or because of being pressured into it. This already can create an unstable foundation, which will inevitably lead to issues later on and likely lead to infidelity. We all crave a partner that will fulfill most of our needs and make us a better person, but many people never find that person. I believe cheating would decrease drastically if (1) we stopped creating an individualistic society, and (2) we had a system (maybe a better dating app) that could pair people together better than we could pair ourselves.

19.  What is your belief for why certain civilizations advanced faster than others throughout human history?

Quinn: Culture. That’s the dominating answer. The history of humanity is far too complex for there to be a one sized fit all answer but in comparable cases where there was most isolation from a large set of variables, we can pick out culture as the driving force. We’ll take a look at a few comparable cases and try to understand where the commonalities and differences are.
Japan was famously “opened up to the world” in 1854 when Commodore Matthew Perry of the US Navy arrived on the “Black Ships”. By 1904, just 50 years later, Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. By 1941 they bombed Pearl Harbor and were one of the great military superpowers on the globe. In 1945 Japan had two nuclear bombs dropped on their cities, and by 1952 the Allied Occupation of Japan had ended. A lot to happen in 98 years. Japan has the 3rd largest economy in the world sitting around 126 million inhabitants. Mexico gained independence from the Spanish in 1821, 30 years prior to Japan experiencing any form of industrialization or Western modernization. They were not destroyed by any major world war, not occupied by any major nation, not nuclear bombed. They have a comparable population to Japan, 130 million. They are 5x the size of Japan, with 10x the natural resources. They have the largest, most fair, trading partner on the globe right next door, the USA. They have the 15th largest economy in the world. They have wide scale corruption, murder rates that quadruple Japan’s, and poverty that is comparable to 3rd world nations. Why? Culture.
South Korea was occupied by Japan from 1910 to 1945, where they experienced their first versions of industrialization. Then, occupied again by the Allied Forces for 3 years until the republic of Korea was established in 1948. From 1950 – 1953 they were ravaged by the Korean War. Today they have the 11th largest economy in the world. They have very high standards of living, low levels of poverty, and low levels of crime. Some of the world’s foremost companies are headquartered there. Colombia gained independence from the Spanish in 1810, 100 years before South Korea became occupied and 140 years before they were independent. Today they have the 40th largest economy in the world. They have a bloody history of internal corruption and war. Today they have some of the most impoverished places on the globe. They have high levels of crime. South Korea is 1/11th the size of Colombia with the exact same population, 51 million. Colombia is a land with rich natural resources and incredible farming climate. What is the difference? Culture.
There are many “Historians” and “Sociologists” that claim the widespread poverty and lack of economic progress in African nations today, compared to Asian nations, is due to colonialization and racism. They posit that when the European’s ruled over the African nations they ruled harshly and with explicit racism. When the Europeans left, it left the African’s with nothing but 50 years of oppression, lack of education, and lack of infrastructure. That is why they are not as successful today as Asian countries like India, Taiwan and Korea. I will debunk that in 3 ways.
One, how then do you rationalize the South American nations? They were colonized too. The indigenous people were treated harshly and virtually enslaved. Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Mexico all have larger economies than African nations like Sudan, Ghana, Algeria, Nigeria. The sociologists would say that is because the South American countries gained independence earlier, in some cases 100 years earlier. Fine, we can concede that point, let’s move on.
Two, if colonialization and racism were the cause of Africa’s ill will’s today, why then didn’t the same thing happen in India? Look to the history of the British rule in India, which gained their independence in 1947 and is the 5th largest economy in the world, to see the same racism existed, the same oppression existed compared to countries who also gained independence in the 1900’s; like Egypt (1922), Algeria (1962) and South Africa (1910).
Third and final debunk to this claim, the case study of Vietnam and Liberia. Vietnam was ruled entirely by the French in the year 1884. That was after some 200 years of colonialization by other European powers such as the Dutch, the English and the Portuguese, comparable to many case studies of North and South American nations. Between 1884 and 1940 they were ravaged by internal war, then in 1940 invaded by the Japanese. Japan exploited Vietnam’s natural resources during WW2 and fully took over the country in 1945. This led to the Vietnamese Famine of 1945 resulting in 2 million deaths. Between 1945 and 1954 more infighting happened during and after the war as the communists established a stronghold in the country and the colonial powers attempted to leave after the Geneva Accords. By 1955, there was civil war between North and South Vietnam, which lasted until 1975. In 1976, North and South Vietnam united and the death toll was estimated to be around 3 million. The country was in ruins. True unification didn’t happen until about 1986 when the Communist Party was replaced and free market policies were implemented. According to Britannica, Liberia is the only African Nation never subjected to Colonial Rule and is Africa’s oldest republic. The American Colonialization Society acquired land for freed US Slaves in 1821. They declared independence in 1847, recognized by the US in 1862 following the US Civil War. Between 1822 and 1861, some 15,000 freed slaves located there carrying the knowledge they’d gained from working on US plantations. In 1848, a wealthy, free-born African American from the US was elected the first President of Liberia. Liberia supported the Allies in WW2 and in return gained significant US investment in infrastructure. They were a founding member of the League of Nations and the United Nations. Pretty promising compared to what we learned about Vietnam right? Let’s continue. In 1980 there was a military coup, resulting in 5 years of military rule and 5 years of civilian rule, which then were followed by two back to back Liberian Civil Wars. In 2015, 83% of the population was living below the International Poverty Line. Very different stories. Vietnam is about 3x the size of Liberia and has roughly 90 million more inhabitants. They have the 45th largest economy while Liberia has the 160th largest economy. So, one might say that isn’t a fair comparison. The question could be raised, why is their population 19 times smaller than Vietnam when their land mass is only 3x smaller? But we won’t go down that route, let’s instead choose a nation of comparable size and population (arguably with more instability and war than Liberia), Ireland. Liberia has a land mass of 43k sq. miles while Ireland has 32k sq. miles. They both have a population of 5 million. Ireland has the 34th largest economy while Liberia has the 160th. What is the difference between Ireland, Vietnam, and Liberia? Culture. 

Daniel: For my answer, let’s define advancement as strides in technology, economy, and standard of living. Civilizations and their advancements are complex, dynamic systems. It takes just the right recipe to maintain stability long enough to grow and advance as a culture and civilization. There’s probably a right mix of 3 major factors that are conducive to a prosperous civilization.
First, proximity and access to natural resources like timber, water, food, and fertile land. If we look at the Agricultural age, we can see the importance of setting up shop where the ability to grow food and raise livestock was paramount. Naturally, they also become the wealthiest and richest in resources. 
Second, the ideal religion/culture that is conducive to reciprocity and stability. This may be the most important one. We see so many countries still struggling to establish some basic systems of trust in the government and amongst people. Getting this part right allows for things like innovation in business & tech, long-term planning, private ownership of land, competitive markets, and cooperation on a large scale. While also reducing things like corruption, government interference, violence, over religiosity, and under education. The U.S. isn’t perfect, but the spirit of this nation and the freedom of the individual are my favorite features of my country. 
Lastly, there’s luck and unknows that are impossible to quantify. Pivotal moments in a civilizations history that are forever hidden from the light of day. How would America have turned out if 1 thing had changed in our history?

Mike: I have always been curious about this question; this is the main reason why I read the book by Jared Diamond, “Guns, Germs, and Steel.” Throughout the book he notes that geographical differences are what led to certain civilizations being advanced and others not being advanced. The premise is that at one point we were all hunter-gatherers, but how long your tribe or village stayed a hunter-gatherer depended upon how well-suited your climate and soil were to adopting farming techniques. Some geographical areas have better climate and soil for developing farming techniques, whereas other areas not so much. The areas with the better climate and soil allowed for people to develop farming techniques and domesticating animals, which, he believed, allowed for more focus on other things that would help your tribe or village. This process led to certain countries developing more efficient tools, techniques, and structure, which allowed for expansion of that tribe. He also argued that farming and domesticating animals created more diseases, which allowed for those people to be exposed to more types of bacteria and viruses, so their immune systems strengthened and were less susceptible to plagues or serious illnesses. All of these factors are what allowed for an advancement in a society.  I think this theory carries some weight and is one we should consider as the reason for disparities between countries. I have not heard a better argument for why this is wrong, in whole or part, and how there is a better theory out there. So far, this one makes the most sense and it is one that I have adopted as the reasoning for the disparity.

20.  Will AI push humans towards more creative careers?

Quinn: A creative career indicates a career built on creation, where the individual spends the majority of their time in creative endeavors. What constitutes “creative” has changed over time. Traditional creative endeavors, when we think “Creative Careers”, would be art, music and drama. However, I would argue scientific exploration is creative; the mapping of the ocean surface, the analysis of the moon’s elements, the discovery of archeological ruins, piecing together the story of humanity, discovering the physics of Black Holes, and the creation of medicines, treatments, and prosthetics. All of the aforementioned ideas have a novel aspect to them, and novelty comes from discovery or creation (which usually are symbiotic concepts). So too there are creative endeavors within the fields of Finance, Marketing, and Economics. A CFO can create new strategies for taking companies public or maximizing leverage and PE ratios. A marketing associate can create interesting new campaigns and advertisements. An Economics student can discover the economics of social behaviors with regards to new technology. The point in all this is that there are “creative careers” found beyond the confines of what a New York City coffee shop frequenter might consider their “freelance art” to be. However, as the Pareto Distribution accurately assesses, most of the “real work”, what we could consider to be “creative”, is done by a very small % of people in any given industry, company or endeavor. Most people are administrative in nature. The lab rats. The finance grunts. The editors. The inputters. The data gatherers. The “support staff”. Given that baseline realization we can now begin to explore the question at hand. AI is not automating, at least not yet, the 20 in the 80/20 rule, it’s automating the 80. So, what does that mean for all the administrative staff, they will be pushed into more “creative careers”? Intuition would say yes, but what does that actually mean? Unless you’re an artistic person, in the creative sense that you can draw, paint, create music, or write (which is a very small margin), your creative endeavor will likely have to involve higher education. As a lab rat, if your job is automated by AI, you will need the MD or PhD level of education in order to become part of the think-tank which is doing complex math on chemical bonds, right? If you are a mechanical engineer assembling pieces of a new rocket, which can be automated by AI, then you will need a PhD in rocket science or Physics in order to enter the design team. Stage one of widescale automation will occur to the 80, as we said, which in my assessment produces a single outcome, individuals will need far more education. But what happens when AI automates the 20? What happens when the doctor’s diagnosis is no longer as accurate as Deep Blue? When the rocket design is produced by a supercomputer, when the origins of the universe are extrapolated by a telescope with AI capability, when the newest video games are developed to be full emersion by an AI system. What then?
In my own career so far, I’ve seen what happens when AI systems emerge. We used to spend 6 hours on Thursday developing a labor model for the following week. The automated system was built, now we spend 1 hour putting inputs into the model and tweaking it, giving us back 5 hours. I use this example to say that AI makes grunt work turn into administrative work. So potentially one of the answers to AI development is that humans can work less. That sounds like a crazy idea here in America where we are obsessed with work, but it would be nice for humans to explore, to experience, and to live, not just in front of their laptop, moving their 10 fingers for 10 hours.
We can finally close the loop on the question. Step one, AI penetrates the 80. The 80 either resign themselves to being administrative support for the AI, or further their education into a more specified, higher-level field (this is going to require a full overhaul of the high school, college, and higher education structure, otherwise we will all be spending $500,000 and 25 years just trying to get a PhD). Step two, AI penetrates the 20. Most humans will collectively agree that a 50-hour work week is unnecessary and spend more time with family, friends, playing sports, eating, drinking, exploring and experiencing (hopefully this and not turn on each other and spend more time warring and fighting). The small percentage still that remains will push humanity beyond our own confines. They will be working in tandem with AI to get us beyond our galaxy with light-speed travel. They will be utilizing AI to develop the cure to cancer. They will be investigating the 8th dimension using AI. Sounds like a pretty exciting future if you ask me. 

Daniel: The adoption of artificial intelligence will definitely push people away from more menial tasks such as banking, customer service, and most of the service industry.
Automation may be a closer threat than AI. I think automation of manufacturing and service industry jobs will really hurt the majority of the population if we aren’t prepared to receive displaced workers in new roles.
Ideally, we will come up with new ideas for working and how we take care of those individuals where no amount of skill and talent allows them to compete with new technologies. In the meantime, as Thiel has mentioned, there will be a phase where humans and AI are not competing but rather are partners. In other words, humans alongside AI will provide the best outcome in the real world. The company Palantir uses their AI software to inform analysts who then make the final call.
As humans, our bandwidth is pretty limited so AI systems can help distill large amounts of data. I don’t think the shift to creative work as a result of AI adoption is the natural next step unless we make it so. It would be ideal to have many creative jobs that would take the place of jobs lost to automation and eventually AI. It will take a concerted effort to make sure this happens.

Mike: The premise is that AI will push humans towards more creative careers; however, this is dependent on whether the AI is going to be Supplemental or Complemental. The reason is that Complemental AI will still require humans to work and manage the AI and won’t take over as many jobs. Whereas Supplemental AI will take over the jobs of humans with almost no daily management of it. AI is projected to replace 800,000,000 human jobs by 2030 across the globe. AI is inevitably going to take-over the jobs that don’t require creative thinking, sales, etc. Many scientists believe that AI will not have the ability to be creative. So, because of this, people will be forced into learning how to be creative or invent jobs that require some type of creativity and can’t be taken over by AI – at least for the near future. AI is going to cut down on costs and increase productivity for many companies, so it is obvious that companies are going to purchase and implement it. Humans will not be as efficient and productive as AI will be, so some jobs will be gone forever. This could also creative a larger disparity between incomes because creative jobs usually require people with higher IQs which will lead to higher pay; whereas non-creative jobs don’t require higher IQs which means lower pay. So, if AI takes over the non-creative jobs, people with lower IQs will be forced either into unemployment or learn how to be creative. But even people with higher IQs may be out of luck. Think of an accountant’s job, almost all of it, besides planning, can be automated with AI. Most of a lawyer’s job can be automated with AI, because AI can draft up basis templated documents that will be the standard for each industry, so lawyer’s will only act as counselors. There is no job that is fully safe from AI, but in the short-term timeline, lower-level jobs are most at stake, which will further exacerbate the unemployment issues the U.S. is facing today.

21.  What are your thoughts on a One World Currency?

Quinn: I’ll give you my thoughts from a theoretical standpoint and from a practical standpoint. What is the one thing humans across the globe can and do agree on, the one thing that all nations do not deny as factually universal; money is necessary. Nations, even the similar ones, cannot agree on a single other axiom. There is no universal religion, no universal political or economic system, no universal morality or code. But all humans can and do exchange money. If there ever was to be a universal “blank” it would be currency. Many of the world’s most developed nations trade on international monetary markets with agreed-on pricing and exchange rates. In fact, more than 65 nations “peg” their currency to the US Dollar, which basically means they are using the dollar under a fake name. What would it take, in theory, to solidify the single adoption of a currency? Would countries like Iran and Russia ever adopt the US’s currency? Would it not be a concession of power to do so? I think, even in theory, there would have to be far more philosophical convergence to open that possibility. With the idea of an existing currency being adopted as the singular currency ruled out, we can move to the next theoretical solution for a One World Currency – a decentralized, non-partisan, secular currency like Bitcoin. Let’s flesh out the theoretical possibility that Bitcoin could be adopted by all nations on the globe in humanity’s current state. In theory, if there was no “ownership” or gain/loss relationship to total adoption of said currency, then there should be no barriers, right? Unfortunately, that’s not how humans think. Humans on the aggregate see tools, not concepts. The human body is built to fixate (eyes), orient in that direction (brain/spine connection) and then act towards that aim (motor neurons/muscle connection). Objects in the world are either tools with the potential to advance toward that aim or barriers with the potential to block the aim. This is why America was an anomaly. The philosophical basis for America’s founding was fascinatingly rare. The aim of the individual was set aside and the aim of the group was prioritized in a way that was functional and not shrouded in deception. Things don’t often happen like that. In theory, currency is reduced to a medium with which to exchange goods and services – the tools are the goods and services, there should be no independent motive in the utilization of the medium. But history has proven that not to be true. China for example, manipulates their currency to achieve advantages in, ironically, free trade agreements. Even the US manipulates their currency through the printing of money to manage supply and inflation. And therefore, even with no objective win/loss ledger for full adoption by all participants, a non-partisan currency would be successful in humanity’s current state, it would be manipulated as a tool by one party seeking to gain advantage. If the currency was digital it would be hacked. If it was finite it would be horded to drain supply. If it was design specific it would be copied and undercut.
And finally, we’ve arrived at the practical answer, a One World Currency is not practical in the year 2021 or probably even for the next 100 years. The theory informs the practical answer. If even theory cannot conceive of the possibility, given the current parameters, then practice will not work either. We would need serious advancement as a species in order to make it possible. 

Daniel: Economics is not a strong area for me, but based on what I’ve read regarding a single world currency so far, is that it would be impractical. It doesn’t allow for monetary policy to be conducted at the country level which is necessary to meet local needs. A country’s currency and its policies are tied to things like the housing market, stock & bond market, and local taxes. But perhaps, something like a dominant world cryptocurrency like Bitcoin can become the standard for a global currency.

Mike: As is everything, there are pros and cons. The pros of an OWC are that it would create an easier way to do business, especially international business. The reason is that hedging against currency fluctuations through futures and forwards contracts would no longer have to take place due to the stability of one currency. Another would be doing away with transactional costs to convert one currency into another. This would help many non-developed countries grow, which would benefit many people. The biggest cons of an OWC are the concerns over who will control the central bank and how would the central bank deal with an economic crisis in one country. There would be no way to help a single country out who is dealing with a financial crisis because the change in interest rates or some other measure to help that country would end up affecting all of the countries in the world. I don’t think a OWC is feasible as it stands today. There would have to be some type of fragmentation of the currency in order to help individual countries in times of crisis. 

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